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Related Specifications
- 1.4162
- S32101
- ASTM A240
Properties
Chemical Composition
| Chemical Element | % Present |
|---|---|
Carbon (C) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
Chromium (Cr) | 21.00 - 22.00 |
Nickel (Ni) | 1.35 - 1.70 |
Manganese (Mn) | 4.00 - 6.00 |
Molybdenum (Mo) | 1.00 - 0.80 |
Sulphur (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
Phosphorous (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
Copper (Cu) | 0.10 - 0.80 |
Nitrogen (N) | 0.20 - 0.25 |
Iron (Fe) | Balance |
Mechanical Properties
| Mechanical Property | Value |
|---|---|
Proof Stress | 450 Min MPa |
Tensile Strength | 650 Min MPa |
Elongation A50 mm | 30 Min % |
General Physical Properties
| Physical Property | Value |
|---|---|
Density | 7.8 g/cm³ |
Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa |
Applications
- Pulp and paper industry
- Desalination plants
- Flue-gas cleaning
- Cargo tanks and pipe systems in chemical tankers
- Seawater systems
- Firewalls and blast walls on offshore platforms
- Bridges
- Components for structural design
- Storage tanks
- Pressure vessels
- Heat exchangers
- Water heaters
- Rotors, impellers and shafts
- Flanges and valves
Characteristics
- High resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking
- High strength
- Good fatigue strength
- Chloride pitting resistance comparable to type 316L stainless
- Good general corrosion resistance
- Good machinability and weldability
- Useful up to 600°F
Additional Information
Fabrication
LDX 2101 is suitable for all forming processes applicable to stainless steel. The high yield strength compared to austenitic and ferritic stainless steel can impose some differences in forming behavior depending on the chosen forming technique, such as an increased tendency to springback. This point is particularly relevant to the forming of any high-strength steel. Higher forces may be needed in forming operations, but the possibilities of downgauging offer a viable solution.
Welding
LDX 2101 has good weldability and can be welded using most of the common methods used for stainless steel:
- Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
- Gas tungsten arc welding TIG(GTAW)
- Gas metal arc welding MIG (GMAW)
- Flux-cored arc welding (FCW)
- Plasma arc welding (PAW)
- Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Laser welding
- Resistance welding
- High frequence welding
Corrosion Resistance
The corrosion resistance of LDX 2101 is generally good. As a result, the grade is suitable for use in a wide range of applications and environments. The corrosion resistance of LDX 2101 is in general terms better than 304/304L stainless, and in most cases comparable to the molybdenum bearing 316L stainless steel.
Pitting & Crevice Corrosion
Chloride ions in a neutral or acidic environment facilitate local breakdown of the passive layer. As a result, pitting and crevice corrosion can propagate at a high rate, causing corrosion failure in a short time. Since the attack is small and may be covered by corrosion products or hidden in a crevice, it often remains undiscovered until perforation or leakage occurs. Resistance to pitting corrosion is determined mainly by the content of chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen content. LDX 2101 has good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion due to the chromium and nitrogen content.
Stress Corrosion Cracking
LDX 2101 has good resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking. This form of corrosion is a combination of stresses in the material and a corrosive environment, mainly at elevated temperatures. Stresses in the material can be a result of fabrication, like forming or welding.
Heat Resistance
LDX 2101 is solution annealed at 1870-1975°F. Rapid cooling is recommended after annealing to minimize precipitation of secondary phases, which may negatively impact the properties of LDX 2101.
Machinability
Duplex steels are generally more demanding to machine than conventional austenitic stainless steels, but LDX 2101 is an exception as it has excellent machineability.
